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European Retail Handbook - September 2016

INTRODUCTION
Definitions
PAN EUROPEAN COMPARISONS
Population
Figure 1: Europe: Population by major country, 2015
Figure 2: Europe: Population by major country, 2015
GDP
Figure 3: Europe: GDP by country and per capita, 2015
Figure 4: Europe: GDP per capita, 2015
Consumer spending
Figure 5: Consumer expenditure, by country and per capita, 2015
Figure 6: Consumer expenditure per capita, 2015
Retail sales
Figure 7: Europe: Retail sales by country and per capita, 2015
Figure 8: Europe: Retail sales per capita by country, 2015
Online
Figure 9: Europe: Percentage of adults who have made a purchase online in the last 12 months, 2015
Figure 10: Europe: Percentage of adults who have made a purchase online in the last 12 months, 2015
Rankings
Figure 11: Country rankings, 2015
Exchange rates
Figure 12: Eurozone members, 2016
Figure 13: Average annual European exchange rates – Main currencies vs €, $, £, 2015
ALBANIA
Albanian retail scene
Albania in figures
Population
Figure 14: Albania: Population trends, 2012-16
Figure 15: Albania: Population, by age group and gender, 2016
Figure 16: Albania: Population, by prefecture, 2012-16
Economy
Figure 17: Albania: GDP, 2006-15
Figure 18: Albania: Consumer prices, % change on previous year, 2011-15
Figure 19: Albania: Final household consumption, 2005-14
Figure 20: Albania: Breakdown of households’ consumption expenditure, 2010-14
Albanian retailing in figures
Figure 21: Albania: Retail sales, including motor vehicles, 2011-15
Major retailers in Albania
Figure 22: Albania: Identified retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
INSTAT – INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS
BANK OF ALBANIA
AUSTRIA
The Austrian retail scene
Austria in figures
Population
Figure 23: Austria: Population, 2012-16
Figure 24: Austria: Population, by age group, 2012-16
Figure 25: Austria: Number of private households, household size, 2015
Figure 26: Austria: Population, by region, 2012-15
Economy
Figure 27: Austria: Gross domestic product, 2006-15
Figure 28: Austria: Consumer prices inflation, % change on previous year, 2011-15
Figure 29: Austria: Final consumption expenditure of households, 2006-15
Figure 30: Austria: Final consumption expenditure of households by purpose, current prices, 2011-15
Austrian retailing in figures
Figure 31: Austria: Retail sales (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Figure 32: Austria: Retail sales breakdown (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Online retailing in Austria
Figure 33: Austria: Broadband connection, % of households, 2006-15
Figure 34: Austria: Online purchases – Percentage of all individuals, 2011-15
Food retailers
Figure 35: Austria: Leading food retailers, 2015
Mixed goods and department stores
Figure 36: Austria: Leading mixed goods and department store retailers, 2015
Clothing and footwear retailers
Figure 37: Austria: Leading clothing specialists, 2015
DIY retailers
Figure 38: Austria: Leading DIY retailers, 2015
Furniture retailers
Figure 39: Austria: Leading furniture retailers, 2015
Electrical retailers
Figure 40: Austria: Leading electricals retailers, 2015
Beauty retailers
Figure 41: Austria: Leading health & beauty retailers, 2015
Miscellaneous retailers
Figure 42: Austria: Leading miscellaneous specialist retailers, 2015
Online and other home shopping retailers
Figure 43: Austria: Leading home shopping retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
STATISTIK AUSTRIA – Vienna
EUROSTAT – Luxembourg
BELARUS
The Belarussian retail scene
Belarus in figures
Population
Figure 44: Belarus: Population trends, 2012-16
Figure 45: Belarus: Population, by prefecture, 2012-16
Economy
Figure 46: Belarus: Gross domestic product, 2006-15
Figure 47: Belarus: Consumer prices inflation, % change on previous year, 2011-15
Figure 48: Belarus: Final household consumption, 2007-15
Figure 49: Belarus: Breakdown of final household consumption, 2010-14
Belarussian retailing in figures
Figure 50: Belarus: Retail sales, 2011-15
Figure 51: Belarus: Retail outlets, 2010-14
Figure 52: Belarus: % share of total retail sales, by ownership, 2010-15
Major retailers in Belarus
Figure 53: Belarus: Major retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
NATIONAL STATISTICAL COMMITTEE OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS – Minsk
NATIONAL BANK OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS – Minsk
BELARUS CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY – Minsk
BELGIUM
The Belgian retail scene
Belgium in figures
Population
Figure 54: Belgium: Population, 2012-16
Figure 55: Belgium: Population, by age group, 2012-16
Figure 56: Belgium: Population, by region, 2012-16
Economy
Figure 57: Belgium: Gross domestic product, 2006-15
Figure 58: Belgium: Consumer prices inflation, % change on previous year, 2011-15
Figure 59: Belgium: Households’ consumption expenditure, 2006-14
Figure 60: Belgium: Breakdown of consumer spending, by category, 2011-14
Figure 61: Belgium: Breakdown of consumer spending, by category, 2011-14 (continued)
Belgian retailing in figures
Figure 62: Belgium: Retail sales (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Figure 63: Belgium: Retail sales breakdown (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Online retailing in Belgium
Figure 64: Belgium: Broadband connection, % of households, 2006-15
Figure 65: Belgium: Online purchases – Percentage of all individuals, 2011-15
Food retailers
Figure 66: Belgium: Leading food retailers, 2015
Mixed goods and department stores
Figure 67: Belgium: Leading mixed goods and department store retailers, 2015
Clothing and footwear retailers
Figure 68: Belgium: Leading clothing and footwear retailers, 2015
DIY retailers
Figure 69: Belgium: Leading DIY retailers, 2015
Furniture retailers
Figure 70: Belgium: Leading furniture retailers, 2015
Electrical retailers
Figure 71: Belgium: Leading electricals retailers, 2015
Beauty retailers
Figure 72: Belgium: Leading beauty retailers, 2015
Miscellaneous specialists
Figure 73: Belgium: Leading miscellaneous specialist retailers, 2015
Online and other home shopping retailers
Figure 74: Belgium: Leading home shopping retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE STATISTIQUE – Brussels
NATIONAL BANK OF BELGIUM
EUROSTAT – Luxembourg
BULGARIA 
The Bulgarian retail scene
Bulgaria in figures
Population
Figure 75: Bulgaria: Population trends, 2011-15
Figure 76: Bulgaria: Population, by age group and gender, 2015
Figure 77: Bulgaria: Population, by district and municipality, 2011-15
Economy
Figure 78: Bulgaria: Gross domestic product, 2005-15
Figure 79: Bulgaria: Consumer prices, % annual change, 2010-15
Figure 80: Final consumption expenditure of households, 2005-15
Figure 81: Bulgaria: Average annual expenditure per household, at current prices, 2010-15
Online retailing in Bulgaria
Figure 82: Bulgaria: Broadband connections, % of households, 2011-15
Figure 83: Bulgaria: Online purchases – Percentage of all individuals, 2011-15
Bulgarian retailing in figures
Figure 84: Bulgaria: Retail sales, by category, excl. sales tax, 2010-16
Major retailers in Bulgaria
Figure 85: Bulgaria: Identified leading retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
NATIONAL STATISTICAL INSTITUTE – Sofia
BULGARIAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRY – Sofia
INVEST BULGARIA AGENCY (FORMERLY BULGARIAN FOREIGN INVESTMENT AGENCY) – Sofia
BULGARIAN NATIONAL BANK – Sofia
BULGARIAN RETAIL ASSOCIATION
EUROSTAT – Luxembourg
MINISTRY OF FINANCE – Sofia
CROATIA
Croatian retail scene
Croatia in figures
Population
Figure 86: Croatia: Population, 2012-16
Figure 87: Croatia: Population, by age group, 2011-15
Figure 88: Croatia: Population, by districts and city of Zagreb, 2015
Economy
Figure 89: Croatia: Gross domestic product, 2006-15
Figure 90: Croatia: Consumer prices inflation, % change on previous year, 2011-15
Figure 91: Croatia: Final household expenditure, 2006-15
Figure 92: Croatia: Average annual personal consumption per household, 2008-11 and 2014
Croatian retailing in figures
Figure 93: Croatia: Retail sales (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Figure 94: Croatia: Retail sales breakdown, 2011-16
Online retailing in Croatia
Figure 95: Croatia: Broadband connections, % of households, 2007-15
Figure 96: Croatia: Online purchases – Percentage of all individuals, 2011-15
Major retailers in Croatia
Figure 97: Croatia: Leading retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
CROATIAN BUREAU OF STATISTICS – Zagreb
EUROSTAT – Luxembourg
EUROPEAN COMMISSION – Brussels and Luxembourg
CZECH REPUBLIC
The Czech retail scene
Czech Republic in figures
Population
Figure 98: Czech Republic: Population, by gender, 2011-15
Figure 99: Czech Republic: Population, by age, 2011-15
Economy
Figure 100: Czech Republic: Gross domestic product, 2005-15
Figure 101: Czech Republic: Consumer prices inflation, % change on previous year, 2011-15
Figure 102: Czech Republic: Households’ consumption expenditure, 2005-15
Figure 103: Czech Republic: Breakdown of households consumption expenditure, 2011-15
Czech retailing in figures
Figure 104: Czech Republic: Retail sales, excl. VAT, 2011-16
Figure 105: Czech Republic: Breakdown of retail sales, by sector, excl. VAT, 2011-16
Online retailing in the Czech Republic
Figure 106: Czech Republic: Household internet connection type: Broadband, 2011-15
Figure 107: Czech Republic: Online purchases – Percentage of all individuals, 2011-15
Major retailers in the Czech Republic
Figure 108: Czech Republic: Leading retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
CESKY STATISTICKY URAD (CZECH STATISTICAL OFFICE) – Prague
EUROSTAT – Luxembourg
ECONOMIC CHAMBER OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC – Prague
DENMARK
The Danish retail scene
Denmark in figures
Population
Figure 109: Denmark: Population trends, 2011-15
Figure 110: Denmark: Population, by age group and gender, 2015
Figure 111: Denmark: Households by size, 2011-15
Figure 112: Denmark: Population by region, 2011-15
Economy
Figure 113: Denmark: Gross domestic product, 2005-15
Figure 114: Denmark: Consumer prices inflation, % change on year, 2010-15
Figure 115: Denmark: Consumer expenditure (incl. VAT), 2005-15
Figure 116: Denmark: Breakdown of consumer spending by category (incl. VAT), 2011-15
Figure 117: Denmark: Breakdown of consumer spending by category (incl. VAT), 2011-15 (continued)
Danish retailing in figures
Figure 118: Denmark: Retail sales (excl. VAT), 2011-16 (f)
Figure 119: Denmark: Retail sales breakdown (excl. VAT), 2011-16 (f)
Online retailing in Denmark
Figure 120: Denmark: Broadband connections, % of households, 2006-15
Figure 121: Denmark: Online purchases – Percentage of all individuals, 2011-15
Food retailers
Figure 122: Denmark: Leading food retailers, 2015
Mixed goods and department stores
Figure 123: Denmark: Major mixed goods retailers, 2015
Clothing and footwear retailers
Figure 124: Denmark: Leading clothing and footwear specialists, 2015
DIY retailers
Figure 125: Denmark: Leading DIY specialists, 2015
Furniture retailers
Figure 126: Denmark: Leading furniture retailers, 2015
Electricals retailers
Figure 127: Denmark: Leading electrical goods specialists, 2015
Health & beauty retailers
Figure 128: Denmark: Leading health & beauty specialists, 2015
Miscellaneous specialists
Figure 129: Denmark: Major cultural, leisure and other specialists, 2015
Online and other home-shopping retailers
Figure 130: Denmark: Leading home shopping retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
STATISTICS DENMARK – Copenhagen
EUROSTAT – Luxembourg
RETAIL INSTITUTE SCANDINAVIA - Asnæs
DANSK INDUSTRI (DANISH CONFEDERATION OF DANISH INDUSTRY) – Copenhagen
DANSK MODE & TEXTIL– Herning
DE SAMVIRKENDE KØBMÆNDSFORENINGER I DANMARK – Hellerup
FDIH (Foreningen for Dansk Internethandel) – Copenhagen
DANSK HANDELSBLAD – Åbyhøj
NORDIC COUNCIL OF SHOPPING CENTRES – Stockholm
ESTONIA
The Estonian retail scene
Estonia in figures
Population
Figure 131: Estonia: Total population, 2011-16
Figure 132: Estonia: Population, by age group and gender, 2016
Economy
Figure 133: Estonia: Gross domestic product, 2005-15
Figure 134: Estonia: Consumer prices, annual % change, 2011-15
Figure 135: Estonia: Final consumption expenditure of households, 2005-15
Figure 136: Estonia: Breakdown of consumer spending, by category (incl. VAT), 2011-15
Estonian retailing in figures
Figure 137: Estonia: Retail sales (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Figure 138: Estonia: Detailed breakdown of retail sales (excl VAT), 2011-16
Enterprises and employment
Figure 139: Estonia: Retail businesses and employment, 2011-16
Online retailing in Estonia
Figure 140: Estonia: Broadband connections, % of households, 2010-15
Figure 141: Estonia: Online purchases – Percentage of all individuals, 2010-15
Food retailers
Figure 142: Estonia: Leading food retailers, 2015
Non-food retailers
Figure 143: Estonia: Leading non-food retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
NATIONAL STATISTICS OFFICE – Tallinn
EUROSTAT – Luxembourg
FINLAND
The Finnish retail scene
Finland in figures
Population
Figure 144: Finland: Population trends, 2011-15
Figure 145: Finland: Population, by age group and gender, 2015
Figure 146: Finland: Households, 2011-15
Figure 147: Finland: Major regions, by inhabitants, 2011-15
Economy
Figure 148: Finland: Gross domestic product, 2005-15
Figure 149: Finland: Consumer prices inflation, % change on previous year, 2011-15
Figure 150: Finland: Consumer expenditure (incl. VAT), 2005-15
Figure 151: Finland: Breakdown of consumer expenditure (inc. VAT), 2011-15
Finnish retailing in figures
Figure 152: Finland: Retail sales (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Figure 153: Finland: Retail sales breakdown (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Online retailing in Finland
Figure 154: Finland: Broadband connections, % of households, 2006-15
Figure 155: Finland: Online purchases – Percentage of all individuals, 2011-15
Food retailers
Figure 156: Finland: Leading food retailers, 2015
Department stores and mixed goods
Figure 157: Finland: Leading department stores and mixed-goods retailers, 2015
Clothing and footwear retailers
Figure 158: Finland: Leading clothing and footwear specialists, 2015
DIY retailers
Figure 159: Finland: Leading DIY specialists, 2015
Furniture retailers
Figure 160: Finland: Leading furniture retailers, 2015
Electrical retailers
Figure 161: Finland: Leading electrical goods specialists, 2015
Health & beauty retailers
Figure 162: Finland: Leading health & beauty specialists, 2015
Miscellaneous specialists
Figure 163: Finland: Major cultural, leisure and other specialists, 2015
Online and other home-shopping retailers
Figure 164: Leading home-shopping retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
STATISTICS FINLAND – Helsinki
KEHITTYVÄ KAUPPA – Helsinki
BANK OF FINLAND
FRANCE
The French retail scene
France in figures
Population
Figure 165: France: Population by gender, 2011-16
Figure 166: France: Population by age bracket and gender, January 2016
Figure 167: France: Population by region, 1990, 1999, 2008, 2013 and 2015
Economy
Figure 168: France: Gross domestic product, 2005-15
Figure 169: France: Consumer prices, % change on year, 2010-15
Figure 170: France: Household consumer expenditure, 2005-15
Figure 171: France: Detailed breakdown of consumer expenditure, inc VAT, 2011-15
Figure 172: France: Detailed breakdown of consumer expenditure, inc VAT, 2011-15 (continued)
French retailing in figures
Figure 173: France: Retail sales (ex VAT), 2011-16
Figure 174: France: Retail sales breakdown (ex. VAT), 2011-16
Online retailing in France
Figure 175: France: Broadband connections, % of households, 2007-15
Figure 176: France: Online purchases – Percentage of all individuals, 2011-15
Food retailers
Figure 177: France: Leading food retailers, 2015
Mixed goods and department stores
Figure 178: Leading department store and mixed goods retailers, 2015
Clothing and footwear retailers
Figure 179: France: Leading clothing and footwear retailers, 2015
DIY retailers
Figure 180: France: Leading DIY specialists, 2015
Electrical goods retailers
Figure 181: France: Leading electricals retailers, 2015
Furniture retailers
Figure 182: France: Leading furniture retailers, 2015
Beauty retailers
Figure 183: France: Leading beauty retailers, 2015
Cultural, leisure and other non-food retailers
Figure 184: France: Leading cultural, leisure and other non-food retailers, 2015
Online and other home shopping retailers
Figure 185: France: Leading online and home shopping retailers, 2015
Major shopping malls
Figure 186: France: Major shopping malls, 2016
Contacts and sources
INSTITUT NATIONALE DE LA STATISTIQUE ET DES ÉTUDES ÉCONOMIQUES (INSEE) – Paris
EUROSTAT – Luxembourg
ASSEMBLEE FRANCAISE DES CHAMBRES DE COMMERCE ET DE L’INDUSTRIE (ACFCI) – Paris
CONFEDERATION GÉNÉRALE DE L'ALIMENTATION EN DÉTAIL – Paris
FÉDÉRATION NATIONALE DE L'HABILLEMENT, NOUVEAUTÉ ET ACCESSOIRES – Paris
LIBRE SERVICE ACTUALITÉ (LSA) – Paris
FÉDÉRATION DES ENTREPRISES DE VENTE À DISTANCE (FEVAD) – Paris
GERMANY
The German retail scene
Germany in figures
Population
Figure 187: Germany: Total population, 2011-15
Figure 188: Germany: Population, by age group and gender, 2015
Figure 189: Germany: Population by region and gender, 2015
Figure 190: Germany: Number of households, by size, 2011-15
Economy
Figure 191: Germany: Gross domestic product, 2006-15
Figure 192: Germany: Consumer prices inflation, % change on previous year, 2011-15
Figure 193: Germany: Consumer spending totals (incl. VAT), 2006-15
Figure 194: Germany: Disposable income of households, annual % growth, 2011-15
Figure 195: Germany: Breakdown of consumer spending, by detailed category (incl.VAT), 2011-15
German retailing in figures
Figure 196: Germany: Retail sales (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Figure 197: Germany: Retail sales breakdown (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Enterprises, outlets and employment
Figure 198: Germany: Number of retail enterprises, 2012-14
Figure 199: Germany: Number of retail outlets, 2012-14
Figure 200: Germany: Number of persons employed in retail, 2012-14
Online retailing in Germany
Figure 201: Germany: Broadband connections, % of households, 2011-15
Figure 202: Germany: Online purchases in the past 12 months – Percentage of all individuals, 2011-15
Figure 203: Germany: Location of online purchases made in the last 12 months, 2011-15
Food retailers
Figure 204: Germany: Leading food retailers, 2015
Mixed goods and department stores
Figure 205: Germany: Leading department stores and mixed-goods retailers, 2015
Clothing and footwear retailers
Figure 206: Germany: Leading clothing specialists, 2015
Figure 207: Germany: Leading footwear specialists, 2015
DIY retailers
Figure 208: Germany: Leading DIY specialists, 2015
Furniture retailers
Figure 209: Germany: Leading furniture retailers, 2015
Electrical retailers
Figure 210: Germany: Leading electrical goods specialists, 2015
Beauty retailers
Figure 211: Germany: Leading beauty specialists, 2015
Miscellaneous specialists
Figure 212: Germany: Major miscellaneous specialists, 2015
Online and other home-shopping retailers
Figure 213: Germany: Online and other home-shopping retailers, 2015
Major shopping malls
Figure 214: Germany: 25 largest German shopping malls, 2016
Contacts and sources
STATISTISCHES BUNBDESAMT – Wiesbaden
EUROSTAT – Luxembourg
European Commission –Brussels
Trade association for e-commerce and distance-selling.
LEBENSMITTEL-ZEITUNG – Frankfurt am Main
GREECE
The Greek retail scene
Greece in figures
Population
Figure 215: Greece: Total population, 2012-16
Figure 216: Greece: Population by age group and gender, 2011-15
Figure 217: Greece: Population by region, 2011-15
Economy
Figure 218: Greece: Gross domestic product, 2005-15
Figure 219: Greece: Consumer prices inflation, % change on year, 2010-16
Figure 220: Greece: Consumer expenditure (incl. VAT), 2005-15
Figure 221: Greece: Average monthly spending on goods and services (incl. VAT), 2010-14
Greek retailing in figures
Figure 222: Retail sales breakdown (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Employment
Figure 223: Greece, Retail employment, 2011-16(Q1)
Online retailing in Greece
Figure 224: Greece: Broadband connections, % of households, 2005-15
Figure 225: Greece: Online purchases – percentage of all individuals, 2010-15
Food retailers
Figure 226: Greece: Leading food retailers, 2015
Clothing, footwear and department stores
Figure 227: Greece: Leading department stores and clothing retailers, 2015
Furniture and DIY retailers
Figure 228: Greece: Leading furniture and DIY stores, 2015
Electrical retailers
Figure 229: Greece: Leading electrical goods specialists, 2015
Beauty retailers and other miscellaneous specialists
Figure 230: Greece: Leading miscellaneous specialists, 2015
Online and other home-shopping retailers
Contacts and sources
HELLENIC STATISTICAL AUTHORITY (EL.STAT) – Athens
EUROSTAT – Luxembourg
International organisation of 187 member countries working towards economic growth.
ATHENS CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY (ACCI) – Athens
NATIONAL CONFEDERATION OF HELLENIC COMMERCE – Athens
HUNGARY 
The Hungarian retail scene
Hungary in figures
Population
Figure 231: Hungary: Population, by gender, 2012-16
Figure 232: Hungary: Population, by age group, 2012-16
Economy
Figure 233: Hungary: Gross domestic product, 2005-15
Figure 234: Hungary: Consumer price index, annual % change, 2011-15
Figure 235: Hungary: Household consumption expenditure, 2005-15
Figure 236: Hungary: Breakdown of household consumption expenditure, 2010-14
Hungarian retailing in figures
Figure 237: Hungary: Retail sales, excl. VAT, 2011-16
Figure 238: Hungary: Retail sales breakdown, excl. VAT, 2011-16
Online retailing in Hungary
Figure 239: Hungary: Broadband connections, % of households, 2011-15
Figure 240: Hungary: Online purchases – Percentage of all individuals, 2011-15
Leading retailers in Hungary
Figure 241: Hungary: Identified leading retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
HUNGARIAN CENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICE / KÖZPONTI STATISZTIKAI HIVATAL – Budapest
TRADE MAGAZIN – Budapest
MAI PIAC (Market Today) – Budapest
ÉLELMISZER – Budapest
EUROSTAT – Luxembourg
HUNGARIAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY– Budapest
MAGYAR ARUKÜLDÖK EGYESÜLETE – Budapest
IRELAND
The Irish retail scene
Ireland in figures
Population
Figure 242: Ireland: Population, by gender, 2011-16
Figure 243: Ireland: Breakdown of population, by age group, 2011-15
Figure 244: Ireland: Population, by regional authority area, 2011-16
Economy
Figure 245: Ireland: Gross domestic product, 2006-15
Figure 246: Ireland: Consumer prices inflation, % change on previous year, 2011-15
Figure 247: Ireland: Household consumption expenditure, 2006-15
Figure 248: Ireland: Breakdown of households’ consumption expenditure, 2011-15
Irish retailing in figures
Figure 249: Ireland: Retail sales (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Figure 250: Ireland: Retail sales breakdown (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Online retailing in Ireland
Figure 251: Ireland: Broadband connections, % of households, 2011-15
Figure 252: Ireland: Online purchases – Percentage of all individuals, 2011-15
Food retailers
Figure 253: Ireland: Leading food retailers, 2015
Mixed goods and department stores
Figure 254: Ireland: Leading mixed goods and department store retailers, 2015
Clothing and footwear retailers
Figure 255: Ireland: Leading clothing and footwear specialists, 2015
DIY retailers
Figure 256: Ireland: Leading DIY retailers, 2015
Furniture retailers
Figure 257: Ireland: Leading furniture retailers, 2015
Electrical retailers
Figure 258: Ireland: Leading electricals retailers, 2015
Beauty retailers
Figure 259: Ireland: Leading health & beauty retailers, 2015
Miscellaneous specialists
Figure 260: Ireland: Leading miscellaneous specialist retailers, 2015
Online and other home shopping
Figure 261: Ireland: Leading home shopping retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE (CSO) – Cork
EUROSTAT – Luxembourg
ITALY
The Italian retail scene
Italy in figures
Population
Figure 262: Italy: Total population, 2011-16
Figure 263: Italy: Population, by age group and gender, 2016
Economy
Figure 264: Italy: Gross domestic product, 2006-15
Figure 265: Italy: Consumer prices inflation, annual % change, 2011-15
Figure 266: Italy: Final household expenditure (incl.VAT), 2006-15
Figure 267: Breakdown of consumer spending by detailed category (incl. VAT), 2011-15
Italian retailing in figures
Figure 268: Italy: Retail sales (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Figure 269: Italy: Retail sales breakdown (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Online retailing in Italy
Figure 270: Italy: Broadband connections, % of households, 2011-15
Figure 271: Italy: Online purchases of goods in last 12 months – Percentage of all individuals, 2011-15
Food retailers
Figure 272: Italy, Leading food retailers 2015
Mixed goods and department stores
Figure 273: Italy: Leading department and variety stores, 2015
Clothing and footwear retailers
Figure 274: Italy: Leading clothing and footwear specialists, 2015
DIY retailers
Figure 275: Italy: Leading DIY specialists, 2015
Electrical, furniture and household goods retailers
Figure 276: Italy: Leading electrical, furniture and household goods specialists, 2015
Beauty retailers
Figure 277: Italy: Leading beauty specialists, 2015
Sports goods retailers
Figure 278: Italy: Major sporting goods specialists, 2015
Online-only and other home shopping retailers
Figure 279: Italy: Online-only retailers and other home shopping specialists, 2015
Major shopping malls
Figure 280: Italy: Leading major shopping malls, 2016
Contacts and sources
INSTITUTO CENTRALE DI STATISTICA (ISTAT) – Rome
EUROSTAT – Luxembourg
ITALIAN UNION OF THE CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE – Rome
FEDERAZIONE ASSOCIAZIONI IMPRESE DISTRIBUZIONE (FAID) – Milan
ASSOCIAZIONE NAZIONALE FRA AZIENDE DI VENDITA PER CORRISPONDENZA E A DISTANZA (ANVED)
ASSOCIAZIONE ITALIANA DEL FRANCHISING (AIF) – Milan
LARGO CONSUMO – Milan
FEDERAZIONE ITALIANA DETTAGLIANTI DELL ALIMENTAZIONE (FIDA) – Rome
FEDERAZIONE MODA ITALIA – Milan
LATVIA
The Latvian retail scene
Latvia in figures
Population
Figure 281: Latvia: Population, 2012-16
Figure 282: Latvia: Population, by age group, 2012-16
Figure 283: Latvia: Population, by region, 2012-16
Economy
Figure 284: Latvia: Gross domestic product, 2006-15
Figure 285: Latvia: Consumer prices inflation, % change on previous year, 2011-15
Figure 286: Latvia: Households’ consumption expenditure, 2006-15
Figure 287: Latvia: Breakdown of households’ consumption expenditure, 2011-14
Latvian retailing in figures
Figure 288: Latvia: Retail sales (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Figure 289: Latvia: Detailed retail sales breakdown (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Enterprises and employment
Figure 290: Latvia: Retail businesses and employment, 2010-14
Online retailing in Latvia
Figure 291: Latvia: Broadband connections, % of households, 2011-15
Figure 292: Latvia: Online purchases – Percentage of all individuals, 2011-15
Major retailers in Latvia
Figure 293: Latvia: Leading retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
CENTRAL STATISTICAL BUREAU OF LATVIA – Riga
EUROSTAT – Luxembourg
LITHUANIA 
The Lithuanian retail scene
Lithuania in figures
Population
Figure 294: Lithuania: Population, 2012-16
Figure 295: Lithuania: Population, by age group and gender, 2016
Figure 296: Lithuania: Ten largest cities, by population, 2012-16
Economy
Figure 297: Lithuania: Gross domestic product, 2006-15
Figure 298: Lithuania: Consumer prices, % change on previous year, 2011-15
Figure 299: Lithuania: Final household consumption, 2006-15
Lithuanian retailing in figures
Figure 300: Lithuania: Retail sales (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Figure 301: Lithuania: Breakdown of retail sales by sector, excl. VAT, 2011-16
Online retailing in Lithuania
Figure 302: Lithuania: Household internet access, broadband, 2011-15
Figure 303: Lithuania: Online purchases – Percentage of all individuals, 2011-15
Majors retailers in Lithuania
Figure 304: Lithuania: Identified leading retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
STATISTICS LITHUANIA – Vilnius
EUROSTAT – Luxembourg
ASSOCIATION OF LITHUANIAN CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRY – Vilnius
LITHUANIAN DEVELOPMENT AGENCY – Vilnius
LUXEMBOURG
The Luxembourg retail scene
Luxembourg in figures
Figure 305: Luxembourg: Population trends, 2012-16
Figure 306: Luxembourg: Population, by origin, 2012-16
Figure 307: Luxembourg: Population, by age group and gender, 2015
Economy
Figure 308: Luxembourg: Gross domestic product, 2005-15
Figure 309: Luxembourg: Consumer price inflation, % change on previous year, 2010-15
Figure 310: Luxembourg: Consumer expenditure, 2005-14
Figure 311: Luxembourg: Breakdown of consumer expenditure, by category, 2009-14
Figure 312: Luxembourg: Breakdown of consumer expenditure, by category, 2009-14 (continued)
Luxembourg retailing in figures
Figure 313: Luxembourg: Retail sales (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Figure 314: Luxembourg: Retail sales breakdown (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Online retailing in Luxembourg
Figure 315: Luxembourg: Broadband connections, % of households, 2011-15
Figure 316: Luxembourg: Online purchases – Percentage of all individuals, 2011-15
Major retailers in Luxembourg
Figure 317: Luxembourg: Major retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
SERVICE CENTRAL DE LA STATISTIQUE (STATEC) – Luxembourg City
EUROSTAT – Luxembourg
ECOMMERCE FOUNDATION
MACEDONIA
The Macedonian retail scene
Macedonia in figures
Population
Figure 318: Macedonia: Population, 2011-15
Figure 319: Macedonia: Population, by age group and gender, 2015
Figure 320: Macedonia: Population, by region, 2015
Economy
Figure 321: Macedonia, Gross domestic product, 2005-15
Figure 322: Macedonia: Consumer prices, % change on year, 2011-15
Figure 323: Macedonia: Final household consumption, 2005-14
Figure 324: Macedonia: Breakdown of final household consumption, 2010-14
Macedonian retailing in figures
Figure 325: Macedonia: Retail sales, 2011-15
Figure 326: Macedonia: Retail sales, 2011-16
Major retailers in Macedonia
Figure 327: Macedonia: Leading retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA, STATE STATISTICAL OFFICE
MACINVEST, AGENCY FOR FOREIGN INVESTMENTS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
MOLDOVA
The Moldova retail scene
Moldovan in figures
Population
Figure 328: Moldova: Population, by gender, 2012-16
Figure 329: Moldova: Population, by age, 2012-16
Figure 330: Moldova: Population, by district, 2012-16
Economy
Figure 331: Moldova: gross domestic product, 2006-15
Figure 332: Moldova: Consumer prices, % change on previous year, 2011-15
Figure 333: Moldova: Final household consumption, 2006-15
Figure 334: Moldova: Breakdown of average monthly per capita household consumption, 2011-12
Moldovan retailing in figures
Figure 335: Moldova: Retail sales, 2011-15
Figure 336: Moldova: Retail outlets, 2010-15
Figure 337: Moldova: Retail space, 2010-15
Major retailers in Moldova
Figure 338: Moldova: Leading retailers, 2016
Contacts and sources
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA – Chisinau
NATIONAL BANK OF MOLDOVA – Chisinau
FOREIGN INVESTORS ASSOCIATION MOLDOVA – Chisinau
NETHERLANDS
The Dutch retail scene
The Netherlands in figures
Population
Figure 339: The Netherlands: Population, 2012-16
Figure 340: The Netherlands: Population, by age and gender, 2016
Figure 341: The Netherlands: Number of households, by household size, 2011-15
Economy
Figure 342: The Netherlands: Gross domestic product, 2005-15
Figure 343: The Netherlands: Consumer prices inflation, % change on previous year, 2011-15
Figure 344: The Netherlands: Household consumption expenditure, 2005-15
Figure 345: The Netherlands: Breakdown of household consumption expenditure, 2010-15
Dutch retailing in figures
Figure 346: The Netherlands: Retail sales (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Figure 347: The Netherlands: Retail sales breakdown (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Online retailing in the Netherlands
Figure 348: The Netherlands: Broadband connections, % of households, 2011-15
Figure 349: The Netherlands: Online purchases – Percentage of all individuals, 2011-15
Food retailers
Figure 350: The Netherlands: Leading food retailers, 2015
Mixed goods and department stores
Figure 351: The Netherlands: Leading mixed goods and department store retailers, 2015
Clothing and footwear retailers
Figure 352: The Netherlands: Leading clothing and footwear retailers, 2015
DIY retailers
Figure 353: The Netherlands: Leading DIY retailers, 2015
Furniture retailers
Figure 354: The Netherlands: Leading furniture retailers, 2015
Electricals retailers
Figure 355: The Netherlands: Leading electricals retailers. 2015
Health and beauty retailers
Figure 356: The Netherlands: Leading health and beauty retailers, 2015
Miscellaneous specialists
Figure 357: The Netherlands: Leading miscellaneous specialist retailers, 2015
Online and other home shopping retailers
Figure 358: The Netherlands: Leading home shopping retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
CENTRAAL BUREAU VOOR DE STATISTIEK (CBS) – Heerlen/The Hague
EUROSTAT – Luxembourg
NORWAY
The Norwegian retail scene
Norway in figures
Population
Figure 359: Norway: Population trends, 2011-15
Figure 360: Norway: Population, by age group and gender, 2015
Figure 361: Norway: Households by size, 2011-15
Figure 362: Norway: Population by county, 2011-15
Economy
Figure 363: Norway: Gross domestic product, 2005-15
Figure 364: Norway: Consumer prices inflation, % change on previous year, 2011-15
Figure 365: Norway: Consumer expenditure (incl. VAT), 2005-15
Figure 366: Norway: Breakdown of consumer spending by category (incl. VAT), 2011-15
Norwegian retailing in figures
Figure 367: Norway: Retail sales (excl. VAT), 2011-16 (f)
Figure 368: Norway: Retail sales breakdown (excl. VAT), 2011-16 (f)
Online retailing in Norway
Figure 369: Norway: BVroadband connection, % of households, 2006-15
Figure 370: Norway: Online purchases – Percentage of all individuals, 2011-15
Food retailers
Figure 371: Norway: Leading food retailers, 2015
Mixed goods and department stores
Figure 372: Norway: Major mixed goods retailers, 2015
Clothing and footwear retailers
Figure 373: Norway: Leading clothing and footwear specialists, 2015
DIY retailers
Figure 374: Leading DIY specialists, 2015
Furniture retailers
Figure 375: Norway: Leading furniture retailers, 2015
Electricals retailers
Figure 376: Norway: Leading electrical goods specialists, 2015
Health & beauty retailers
Figure 377: Norway: Leading health & beauty specialists, 2015
Miscellaneous specialists
Figure 378: Norway: Major cultural, leisure and other specialists, 2015
Online and other home-shopping retailers
Figure 379: Norway: Leading home-shopping retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
STATISTISK SENTRALBYRÅ (SB) – Oslo
EUROSTAT – Luxembourg
OSLO CHAMBER OF COMMERCE – Oslo
VIRKE – Oslo
DAGLIGVAREHANDELEN – Oslo
TEKSTILFORUM – Oslo
DISTANSEHANDEL NORGE – Oslo
SPORTSBRANSJEN – Oslo
POLAND
The Polish retail scene
Poland in figures
Population
Figure 380: Poland: Population, by gender, 2010-15
Figure 381: Poland: Population, by age group, 2010-15
Figure 382: Poland: Population, by region, 2010-14
Economy
Figure 383: Poland: Gross domestic product, 2005-15
Figure 384: Poland: Consumer prices inflation, % change on previous year, 2010-15
Figure 385: Poland: Household consumption expenditure, 2005-15
Figure 386: Poland: Breakdown of household consumption expenditure, 2010-14
Figure 387: Poland: Breakdown of household consumption expenditure, 2010-14 (continued)
Polish retailing in figures
Figure 388: Poland: Retail sales (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Figure 389: Poland: Selected and total retail sales breakdown (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Online retailing in Poland
Figure 390: Poland: Broadband connections, % of households, 2010-15
Figure 391: Poland: Online purchases – Percentage of all individuals, 2011-15
Food retailers
Figure 392: Poland: Leading food retailers, 2015
Non-food retailing
Figure 393: Poland: Leading non-food retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
CENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICE OF POLAND – Warsaw
PORTUGAL
The Portuguese retail scene
Portugal in figures
Population
Figure 394: Portugal: Population, 2012-16
Figure 395: Portugal: Population, by age group, 2011-15
Figure 396: Portugal: population, by region, 2011-15
Economy
Figure 397: Portugal: Gross domestic product, 2005-15
Figure 398: Portugal: Consumer prices inflation, % change on previous year, 2011-15
Figure 399: Portugal: Resident households final consumption expenditure, 2005-15
Figure 400: Portugal: Breakdown of resident households final consumption expenditure, 2011-15
Portuguese retailing in figures
Figure 401: Portugal: Retail sales (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Figure 402: Portugal: Breakdown of retail sales (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Online retailing in Portugal
Figure 403: Portugal: Percentage proportion of households with broadband, 2006-15
Figure 404: Portugal: Online purchases – Percentage of all individuals, 2011-15
Food retailing in Portugal
Figure 405: Portugal: Leading food retailers, 2015
Non-food retailing in Portugal
Figure 13: Portugal: Leading non-food retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
Instituto Nacional de Estatistica (INE) – Lisbon
EUROSTAT – Luxembourg
ROMANIA 
The Romanian retail scene
Romania in figures
Population
Figure 406: Romania: Resident population by gender, 2011-15
Figure 407: Romania: Resident population by age and gender, 2015
Figure 408: Romania: Resident population by region, 2012-15
Economy
Figure 409: Romania: Gross domestic product, 2005-15
Figure 410: Romania: Consumer price inflation, annual % change, 2010-15
Figure 411: Romania: Households consumption expenditure, 2005-15
Romanian retailing in figures
Figure 412: Romania: Retail sales, excl. VAT, 2011-16
Figure 413: Romania: Breakdown of retail sales, by sector (excl. VAT), 2011-15
Online retailing in Romania
Figure 414: Romania: Household internet access, broadband, 2010-15
Figure 415: Romania: Online purchases – Percentage of all individuals, 2010-15
Major food retailers in Romania
Figure 416: Romania, known leading Grocery retailers, 2015
Major non-food retailers in Romania
Figure 417: Romania: Major non-food retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS (INSSE) – Bucharest
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY OF ROMANIA – Bucharest
EUROSTAT – Luxembourg
IMF (INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND) – Washington
RUSSIA 
The Russian retail scene
Russia in figures
Population
Figure 418: Russia: Total population, 2011-16
Figure 419: Russia: Population, by age group, 2011-16
Economy
Figure 420: Russia: Gross domestic product, 2005-15
Figure 421: Russia: Consumer prices inflation, % change on previous year, 2011-15
Figure 422: Russia: Consumer prices inflation, % change on previous year, by category, 2011-15
Figure 423: Russia: Households consumption expenditure, 2005-15
Russian retailing in figures
Figure 424: Russia: Retail sales (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Figure 425: Russia: Retail sales breakdown, by broad sector (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Online retailing in Russia
Figure 426: Russian Federation: Fixed and mobile internet access, 2011-15
Figure 427: Online sales as share of total retail trade turnover by region, 2014-15
Food retailers
Figure 428: Russia: Leading food retailers, 2015
Clothing and footwear retailers
Figure 429: Russia: Leading clothing and footwear retailers, 2015
Electrical retailers
Figure 430: Russia: Leading electrical goods specialists, 2015
Furniture and DIY retailers
Figure 431: Russia: Leading furniture and DIY specialists, 2015
Health & beauty retailers
Figure 432: Russia: Leading health & beauty specialists, 2015
Miscellaneous specialists
Figure 433: Russia: Other identified retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
GOSKOMSTAT (FEDERAL STATE STATISTICS SERVICE) – Moscow
ST PETERSBURG CHAMBER OF COMMERCE – St Petersburg
AKORT (Association of Retail Businesses) – Moscow
KOMMERSANT newspaper – Moscow
SERBIA
The Serbian retail scene
Serbia in figures
Population
Figure 434: Serbia population, 2011-15
Figure 435: Serbia: Population, by age and gender, 2015
Economy
Figure 436: Serbia: Gross domestic product, 2005-15
Figure 437: Serbia: Consumer prices, % change on previous year, 2011-15
Figure 438: Serbia: Final household consumption, 2005-14
Figure 439: Serbia: Breakdown of final household consumption, 2010-14
Figure 440: Serbia: Breakdown of final household consumption, 2010-14 (continued)
Serbian retailing in figures
Figure 441: Serbia, Retail sales, 2005-15
Major retailers in Serbia
Figure 442: Serbia: Major retailers, 2015/16
Contacts and sources
STATISTICAL OFFICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA – Belgrade
SLOVAKIA
The Slovak retail scene
Slovakia in figures
Population
Figure 443: Slovakia: Population trends, 2011-15
Figure 444: Slovakia: Population, by age group and gender, 2015
Economy
Figure 445: Slovakia: Gross domestic product, 2005-15
Figure 446: Slovakia: Consumer prices inflation, % change on previous year, 2011-15
Figure 447: Slovakia: Final consumption of households, 2005-15
Figure 448: Slovakia: Expenditures of households, euro/person/month, 2011-15
Slovak retailing in figures
Figure 449: Slovakia: Retail sales (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Figure 450: Slovakia: Retail sales breakdown (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Online retailing in Slovakia
Figure 451: Slovakia: Broadband connections, % of households, 2016-15
Figure 452: Slovakia: Online purchases – percentage of all individuals, 2011-15
Major retailers in Slovakia
Figure 453: Slovakia: Major retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
STATISTICAL OFFICE OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC – Bratislava
NATIONAL BANK OF SLOVAKIA – Bratislava
EUROSTAT – Luxembourg
SLOVENIA
The Slovenian retail scene
Slovenia in figures
Population
Figure 454: Slovenia: Population, by gender, 2012-16
Figure 455: Slovenia: Population, by age group, 2012-16
Figure 456: Slovenia: Population, by region, 2012-16
Economy
Figure 457: Slovenia: Gross domestic product, 2005-15
Figure 458: Slovenia: Consumer prices, annual % change, 2010-15
Figure 459: Slovenia: Household Consumption expenditure, 2005-15
Figure 460: Slovenia: Breakdown of household Consumption expenditure, 2010-14
Slovenian retailing in figures
Figure 461: Slovenia: Retail sales, excl. VAT, 2011-16
Figure 462: Slovenia: Retail sales breakdown, excl. VAT, 2011-16
Online retailing in Slovenia
Figure 463: Slovenia: Broadband connections, % of households, 2010-15
Figure 464: Slovenia: Online purchases – Percentage of all individuals, 2010-15
Major retailers in Slovenia
Figure 465: Slovenia: Leading retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
STATISTICAL OFFICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA – Ljubljana
EUROSTAT – Luxembourg
SPAIN
The Spanish retail scene
Spain in figures
Population
Figure 466: Spain: Total population, 2011-16
Figure 467: Spain: Population, by age group and gender, 2016
Figure 468: Spain: Population by autonomous community, 2012-16
Economy
Figure 469: Spain: Gross domestic product, 2005-15
Figure 470: Spain: Consumer prices inflation, % change on previous year, 2010-15
Figure 471: Spain: Consumer spending (incl.VAT), 2005-15
Figure 472: Spain: Breakdown of consumer spending by detailed category (incl. VAT), 2010-14
Spanish retailing in figures
Figure 473: Spain: Retail sales (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Figure 474: Spain: Retail sales breakdown (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Enterprises and employment
Figure 475: Spain: Number of retail enterprises, by sector, 2010-14
Figure 476: Spain: Number of full time employed, by retail sector, 2010-14
Online retailing in Spain
Figure 477: Broadband connections, % of households, 2010-15
Figure 478: Spain: Online purchases of goods in last 12 months – Percentage of all individuals, 2010-15
Food retailers
Figure 479: Spain: Leading food retailers, 2015
Mixed goods and department stores
Figure 480: Spain: Leading department stores and mixed goods retailers, 2015
Clothing and footwear retailers
Figure 481: Spain: Leading clothing specialists, 2015
DIY retailers
Figure 482: Spain: Leading DIY specialists, 2015
Electrical, furniture and household goods retailers
Figure 483: Spain: Leading electrical, furniture and household goods specialists, 2015
Beauty retailers
Figure 484: Spain: Leading beauty specialists, 2015
Miscellaneous specialists
Figure 485: Spain: Major cultural, leisure and other specialists, 2015
Online and other home-shopping retailers
Figure 486: Spain: Online-only retailers. 2015
Major shopping malls
Figure 487: Spain: Major shopping centres, 2016
Contacts and sources
INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ESTADISTICA (INE) – Madrid
EUROSTAT – Luxembourg
CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE CAMARAS OFFICIALES DE COMERCIO, INDUSTRIA Y NAVEGACION DE ESPANA – Madrid
ASOCIACION ESPAÑOLA DE VENTA DIRECTA – Barcelona
ASOCIACIÓN ESPAÑOLA DE CENTROS Y PARQUES COMERCIALES – Madrid
ANUARIO DE LA DISTRIBUCIÓN – Madrid
DISTRIBUCIÓN ACTUALIDAD – Madrid
ALIMARKET – Madrid
SWEDEN
The Swedish retail scene
Sweden in figures
Population
Figure 488: Sweden: Population trends, 2011-15
Figure 489: Sweden: Population, by age group and gender, 2015
Figure 490: Sweden: Households by size, 2011-15
Figure 491: Sweden: Population by county, 2011-15
Economy
Figure 492: Sweden: Gross domestic product, 2005-15
Figure 493: Sweden: Consumer prices inflation, % change on year, 2011-15
Figure 494: Sweden: Consumer expenditure (incl. VAT), 2005-15
Figure 495: Sweden: Breakdown of consumer spending by detailed category (incl. VAT), 2011-15
Figure 496: Sweden: Breakdown of consumer spending by detailed category (incl. VAT), 2011-15 (continued)
Swedish retailing in figures
Figure 497: Sweden: Retail sales (excl. VAT), 2011-16 (f)
Figure 498: Sweden: Retail sales breakdown (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Online retailing in Sweden
Figure 499: Sweden: Broadband connections, % of households, 2006-15
Figure 500: Sweden: Online purchases – Percentage of all individuals, 2011-15
Food retailers
Figure 501: Sweden: Leading food retailers, 2015
Mixed goods and department stores
Figure 502: Sweden: Leading department stores and mixed-goods retailers, 2015
Clothing and footwear retailers
Figure 503: Sweden: Leading clothing and footwear specialists, 2015
DIY retailers
Figure 504: Sweden: Leading DIY specialists, 2015
Furniture retailers
Figure 505: Sweden: Leading furniture retailers, 2015
Electricals retailers
Figure 506: Sweden: Leading electrical goods specialists, 2015
Health & beauty retailers
Figure 507: Sweden: Leading health & beauty specialists, 2015
Miscellaneous specialists
Figure 508: Sweden: Major cultural, leisure and other specialists, 2015
Online and other home shopping retailers
Figure 509: Sweden: Leading home shopping retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
STATISTICS SWEDEN (STATISTISKA CENTRALBYRÅN) – Stockholm
EUROSTAT – Luxembourg
MARKET MAGAZINE (Hakon Media) – Stockholm
STOCKHOLM CHAMBER OF COMMERCE – Stockholm
SVENSK HANDEL/SWEDISH TRADE FEDERATION TRADE – Stockholm
HANDELNS UTREDNINGSINSTITUT (HUI) – Stockholm
SVENSKA DIGITALHANDEL – Gothenburg
BUSINESS SWEDEN, the Swedish Trade & Invest Council – Stockholm
NORDIC COUNCIL OF SHOPPING CENTRES – Stockholm
SWITZERLAND
The Swiss retail scene
Switzerland in figures
Population
Figure 510: Switzerland: Population by gender, 2011-16
Figure 511: Switzerland: Population by age group, 2011-15
Figure 512: Switzerland: Population by region, 2011-15
Economy
Figure 513: Switzerland: Gross domestic product, 2006-15
Figure 514: Switzerland: Harmonised indices of consumer prices, annual % change, 2010-15
Figure 515: Switzerland: Households consumption expenditure (incl. VAT), 2006-15
Swiss retailing in figures
Figure 516: Switzerland: Retail sales (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Online retailing in Switzerland
Figure 517: Switzerland: Online purchases in the last 12 months, 2015
Food retailers
Figure 518: Switzerland: Leading food retailers, 2015
Department stores and clothing retailers
Figure 519: Switzerland: Leading clothing and department store retailers, 2015
Household goods retailers
Figure 520: Switzerland: Leading household goods retailers, 2015
Health & beauty retailers
Figure 521: Switzerland: Leading health & beauty retailers, 2015
Miscellaneous specialists
Figure 522: Switzerland: Leading miscellaneous specialists, 2015
Online and other home shopping retailers
Figure 523: Switzerland: Major online and home shopping retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
BUNDESAMT FÜR STATISTIK (BF) / FEDERAL STATISTICAL OFFICE – Neuchâtel
CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY OF SWITZERLAND (CCIS) – St-Gallen
SWISS RETAIL FEDERATION – Bern
SCHWEIZER DETAILLISTENVERBAND (SDV) – Lucerne
SCHWEIZERISCHER VERBAND DER LEBENSMITTEL-DETAILLISTEN (VELEDES) – Bern
EUROSTAT – Luxembourg
VERBAND DES SCHWEIZERISCHEN VERSANDHANDELS (VSV) – Zürich
ECOMMERCE FOUNDATION
TURKEY
The Turkish retail scene
Turkey in figures
Population
Figure 524: Turkey: Population, by gender, 2011-15
Figure 525: Turkey: Population, by age group, 2011-15
Economy
Figure 526: Turkey: Gross domestic product, 2005-15
Figure 527: Turkey: Harmonised indices of consumer prices, annual % change, 2011-15
Figure 528: Turkey: Consumer spending by resident households (incl. VAT), 2005-15
Figure 529: Turkey: Breakdown of consumer spending, by broad category (incl. VAT), 2011-15
Turkish retailing in figures
Figure 530: Turkey: Retail sales (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Figure 531: Turkey: Retail sales breakdown (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Online retailing in the Turkey
Figure 532: Turkey: Broadband connections, % of households, 2010-15
Figure 533: Turkey: Online purchases – Percentage of all individuals, 2010-15
Major retailers in Turkey
Figure 534: Turkey: Identified leading retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
DEVLET ISTATISTIK ENSTITUSU (TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE)
EUROSTAT – Luxembourg
UK
The UK retail scene
The UK in figures
Population
Figure 535: UK: Population by gender, 2011-2015
Figure 536: UK: Population, by age group, 2011-15
Figure 537: UK: Number of households, by household size, 2015
Figure 538: UK: Population, by region, 2012-14
Economy
Figure 539: UK: Gross domestic product, 2006-15
Figure 540: UK: Consumer prices inflation, 2010-15
Figure 541: UK: Households’ consumption expenditure, 2006-15
Figure 542: UK: Breakdown of households’ consumption expenditure, 2011-15
UK retailing in figures
Figure 543: UK: Retail sales (excl. VAT), 2011-16
Figure 544: UK: Retail sales (excl. VAT): Detailed sales breakdown, 2011-16
Online retailing in the UK
Figure 545: UK: Household broadband access, 2011-15
Figure 546: UK: Proportion of individuals buying online in last 12 months, 2011-15
Food retailing
Figure 547: UK: Leading food retailers, 2015
Mixed goods and department stores
Figure 548: UK: Leading mixed goods and department store retailers, 2015
Clothing and footwear specialists
Figure 549: UK: Leading clothing and footwear retailers, 2015
DIY specialists
Figure 550: UK: Leading DIY retailers, 2015
Furniture specialists
Figure 551: UK: Leading furniture and carpet retailers, 2015
Electrical specialists
Figure 552: UK: Leading electricals retailers, 2015
Beauty specialists
Figure 553: UK: Leading health & beauty retailers, 2015
Miscellaneous specialists
Figure 554: UK: Leading miscellaneous specialist retailers, 2015
Online and other home shopping
Figure 555: UK: Leading home shopping retailers, 2015
Major shopping centres
Figure 556: UK: Major shopping centres, 2016
Contacts and sources
THE BRITISH RETAIL CONSORTIUM – London
BRITISH COUNCIL OF SHOPPING CENTRES – London
Office for National Statistics/Mintel – London
THE ASSOCIATION OF BRITISH CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE – London
INSTITUTE OF GROCERY DISTRIBUTION (IGD) – Watford
OXFORD INSTITUTE OF RETAIL MANAGEMENT (OXIRM) – Oxford
THE MAIL ORDER TRADERS' ASSOCIATION OF GREAT BRITAIN (MOTA) – London
UNION OF SHOP, DISTRIBUTIVE and ALLIED WORKERS (USDAW) – Manchester
UKRAINE
The Ukrainian retail scene
Ukraine in figures
Population
Figure 557: Ukraine: Resident population, by gender, 2012-16
Figure 558: Ukraine: Resident population, by age group, 2012-16
Economy
Figure 559: Ukraine: Gross domestic product, 2007-15
Figure 560: Ukraine: Consumer prices, % annual change, 2011-15
Figure 561: Ukraine: Consumer expenditure, 2011-15
Figure 562: Ukraine: Final consumption expenditure of households, by purpose, 2011-15
Ukraine retailing in figures
Figure 563: Ukraine: Retail sales, 2011-15
Major retailers in Ukraine
Figure 564: Ukraine: Leading retailers, 2015
Contacts and sources
STATE STATISTICS SERVICE OF UKRAINE – Kiev
NATIONAL BANK OF UKRAINE – Kiev

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