Tourism and Poverty Alleviation - International - October 2006

INTRODUCTION
DATA SOURCES
BACKGROUND AND DEFINITIONS
 POVERTY
 THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES (LDCS)
Figure 1: The list of LDCs, 2006
POVERTY IN AFRICA
 DEBT
 MAKING TRADE FAIR
 HIV/AIDS
‘MAKE POVERTY HISTORY’ CAMPAIGN
 HOW CAN TOURISM HELP ALLEVIATE POVERTY?
Figure 2: Growth of international tourist arrivals and tourism receipts, 1990-2004
Tourism to developing countries and LDCs
Figure 3: Trends in international tourist arrivals in developing countries and the world, 1990-2003*
Figure 4: Trends in international tourism receipts in developing countries and the world, 1990-2003*
The comparative performance of tourism to developing countries
Figure 5: Developing countries with a fast growing tourism sector, 1992-2003*
Figure 6: Developing countries with a decreasing tourism sector, 1992-2003*
Figure 7: International tourist arrivals and receipts in LDCs, 1988, 1998 and 2003*
 TOURISM AND DEVELOPMENT
 SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
 ECOTOURISM
 COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM
 LEAKAGE AND LINKAGES
 FAIRTRADE
 FAIRTRADE IN TOURISM
 PRO-POOR TOURISM (PPT)
Principles of Pro-Poor Tourism
ORGANISATIONS AND INITIATIVES
 'SUSTAINABLE TOURISM – ELIMINATING POVERTY' INITIATIVE (STEP)
 UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF MICROCREDIT, 2005
 GLOBAL CODE OF ETHICS (GCET)
 PPT PARTNERSHIP
 OVERSEAS DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE (ODI)
 FAIRTRADE IN TOURISM NETWORK
 FAIRTRADE IN TOURISM SOUTH AFRICA
 GTZ
 AKTE
 SNV NETHERLANDS DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION
 TOUR OPERATOR’S INITIATIVE
 THE ASSOCIATION OF SMALL SCALE ENTERPRISES IN TOURISM
 THE INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS LEADERS FORUM
International Hotels Environment Initiative
Youth Career Initiative
International Tourism Partnership
PRO-POOR OPPORTUNITIES FOR INDUSTRY
 THE BUSINESS CASE FOR PPT
 MARKET OPPORTUNITIES
 PRO-POOR STRATEGIES FOR BUSINESSES
Figure 8: Types of PPT strategies
 STRATEGIES FOR ‘MAKING TOURISM COUNT’ FOR THE LOCAL ECONOMY
 STRATEGIES FOR THE ‘INFORMAL SECTOR’
Figure 9: Factors that encourage purchases of local crafts, food, guiding and market products
 FACILITATING POVERTY ALLEVIATION WITH TOURISM’S PRIVATE SECTOR
Figure 10: Some well-known destinations in poor countries
 IMPLICATIONS FOR TOUR OPERATORS
CASE STUDY: SANDALS – THE CASE FOR THE ALL-INCLUSIVE RESORT
CASE STUDY: TRIBES TRAVEL, THE FAIRTRADE TRAVELTM COMPANY
INTERVIEW WITH HAROLD GOODWIN OF THE PRO-POOR TOURISM INITIATIVE (4 AUGUST 2006)
OUTLOOK